•  A list of "Non-Conclusive Verbs" in English : 

    These are the most common of the verbs that are not found in the continuous forms (present, or past or perfect):

     

    -Non-voluntary perception : feel, hear,  see, smell, sound, taste,

     

    -Mental Process : believe, consider (that), expect, forget, know, realize,  remember, think (that), understand, wonder,

     

    -Desires : desire, need,  want, wish,

     

    -Likes and Dislikes : dislike, enjoy, envy, hate, like, love, prefer

     

    -Possession : belong to, have, own, possess,

     

    -Other verbs : contain, keep, matter, mean,

     

    -Appearance : appear, feel like, look like, remind of, resemble, seem, sound like,

     

     

    Note that they are not found in the continuous form unless they change meaning, like

    -if "see" means "meet" you can say : "I'm seeing Kate at lunchtime" ;

    -when "taste" means that you actively try to describe the taste of sthg, "to be tasting" is possible (voluntary perception);

    -or if you try to find sthg, you may say "to be looking for", cf. "look after" etc.

    -If you consider sthg, you reflect about it, you say "I'm thinking";

    -If you wait for sthg, it is possible to say "we're expecting our bus", or "my aunt is expecting a baby".

    Probably the best example is HAVE : "I'm having a bath" (je prends un bain) / "I have a bath" (j'ai une baignoire); "he's having lunch, Kit's having a sandwich, they're having fun" / "Bob has a Rolls-Royce", or "he doesn't have time to explain".


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  • II.                   Other names are specific to programming

    }{ are braces (or curly brackets)

    | is a bar (= pipe), while || is a double pipe

    ][ are chevrons (= angle brackets)

    is an ellipsis

    / is a slash (or stroke)

    \ is called antislash (= backlash)

    ¸ is an obelus

    & is an ampersand,

    @ is the at-sign

    # is the number sign (or hash, or octothorpe)

    ^ is a caret

    is a dagger 

    ‡ a double dagger or diesis,  

    ¤ is the generic currency symbol

    § is a section sign

    is called a pilcrow (mediaeval for pelygraph / paragraph)


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  •  What do you call the terms that are used in coding to separate words and phrases ?

    I.                   Some names are not typically ASCII and are already found in everyday use:  

    () are parentheses

    is an apostrophe

     : a colon

    ; a semicolon

    , a comma

    ! an exclamation mark

    ? a question mark

    . period or full stop (note: it is an interpunct when the dot separating 2 words is above the line)

    “ “ are called quote, quotation marks (speech marks)

    - is a hyphen while _‖is an underscore (like in music) and a dash 

    > and < are known as respectively greater than and less signs

    * an asterisk

    ~ is a tilde

    % a percent (or modulo) 

    a permil

    Difficult to represent, a space is a void between signs.


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  • Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_break

    A surf break (= break / shore break / big wave break) is a permanent obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, etc., that causes a wave to break, forming a wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses. The nature of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break. 

    1.

    A point break refers to the place where waves hit a point of land or rocks jutting out from the coastline. The bottom can be made of rocks, sand, or coral. 

    A beach break takes place where waves break on a usually sandy seabed. A shore break is a wave that breaks directly on, or very close to the shore. This happens when the beach is very steep at the shoreline.

    A reef break happens when a wave breaks over a coral reef or a rocky seabed. In Australia these open ocean reefs are sometimes called Bombora or 'Bommie' waves, after the aboriginal word for offshore reef, 'bombora'. Sometimes reefs which occur in open ocean but which do not breach the surface are also called 'Banks' (e.g. Cortes Bank off Californi a).

    'Shipwreck breaks' usually form from sand build up over totally or partly submerged shipwrecks.

    A rivermouth break breaks at or near the entrance to a river or creek. The bottom is usually sand, but can be pebbles, rocks, or even coral reef. They are sometimes called 'Bar' breaks because of the way the sand piles up along the shoreline.  

    2.

    As opposed to obstructions which cause waves to break, surfable waves are sometimes defined by the nature of their generation.

    Swell waves : ocean swells form from the longer term amalgamation of wind-generated waves on the surface. The stronger the wind,  the longer the area over which it blows, the larger the swell.

    Wind waves : If large enough, local wind-generated chop can be surfed in certain conditions.

    Ship waves are created by a large ship (an oil tanker) :  although rare, surfable tsunami waves from earthquakes have been recorded.

    Also found are Backwash and Sidewash waves (formed from the returning backwash of a wave which has previously gone up a steep shoreline)

    Some rivers can also exhibit a surfable wave 'front' during flash flood events, particularly within narrow canyons. It is technically a wave front, but may be classified as a 'surf break'.

    Tidal Bore waves form where strong tidal currents enter a river or deltaic system,

    Rogue waves are a specific type of rare open ocean wave which is generally defined as being more than twice the significant wave height, and may be up to 30m or more in height.

     

    barreling wave : Fr. Rouleau.

    Rogue wave : Fr. Vague scélérate.

    ·      Another website for surfing glossary:          

    http://www.surfline.com/surfology/surfology_glossary_index.cfm 


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  •  

    NEED : VERBE ou AUXILIAIRE MODAL ?

     

    Cela pose parfois problème, mais need est à la fois verbe et auxiliaire. C’est donc en fonction de son sens que l’on choisira la façon dont on le construit.

    1. Suivi d’un nom ou groupe nominal, need est un verbe ordinaire, régulier.

      Exemples : « he needs more time to finish his test.   Does your neighbour need any help ? Barbara needed a pull-over because of the cold. Dad didn’t need the car this morning, so he walked to the station.

    Do you need a contract before coming?

    Pink Floyd’s teenagers think they don’t need education. »

     

    2. Suivi d’un verbe, need est souvent un modal, particulièrement aux formes negative et interrogative:

             Exemples : « You needn’t write anything, we’ll remember.

    When Dad needn’t drive, he leaves Mum the car.

    He needn’t sign any contract.»

     

    A la forme interrogative need I … / you … / …sont fréquents, mais do you need, qui existe déjà (cf. # 1), a tendance à se généraliser dans la langue parlée.

             Exemples : « Need I explain ?

                                         Do I need to explain? »

     

    C’est surtout à la forme affirmative que la langue parlée substitue need(s) to + V… à need + V.

    Exemples : « I need to speak to you now.

    I need speak to you now.» (littéraire)

     

    sarcastic Du fait que le seul passé existant est régulier (needed), les tournures did …need  to + V … ?, didn’t need to + V …, donc do … need to + V… ? et need to + V … s’installent de plus en plus dans la langue.  

             Exemples : « Did they need to buy all that stuff ?

    We didn’t need to cook so much food.

    Do you need to visualize first?

    I need to think a little before answering.»

     

    -------------------------------------------------


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