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WHY "PROVEN" AND NOT "PROVED" ? "GOTTEN" instead of "GOT"?
The use of an -en suffix often varies with the function of the word and the dialect. Thus, there is a difference between "proved" and "proven" :
- proved is the preferred past participle with have as an auxiliary.
- proven is an adjective describing a noun; it is also a second past participle (with have), mostly in informal speech.
In good formal English, you may write or say : "a mythical hero is a person of unproven existence" (unproven because it is an adjective). But only in common, informal speech will you say "he has proven to be reliable" (As a participle it should be : proved).This use of proven as a past participle is typical of Midwestern American English, and Scottish English.
note the English pronunciation is [ou] like in "hope". U.S. Americans say [u:] like in "move".
The same rule applies to drunk / drunken, got / gotten etc. and is apparently the origin of owed / own.
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Learn how to say "au petit bonheur la chance", "la nuit porte conseil", "ils se ressemblent comme deux gouttes d'eau", and so many others ...
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A famous American Hispanic : Carlos Santana
[Devadip] Carlos Santana was born on July 20, 1947 in Mexico. He became world-famous when he performed in Woodstock in 1969.
He grew up in a typical Mexican family (his parents had six children). They settled in Tijuana, where Santana began playing at clubs and bars with various bands on the ‘Tijuana strip’. At the age of eight, he decided to trade the violin for the guitar after listening to blues and rock & roll on the radio. His early influences were John Lee Hooker, B.B. King, T. Bone Walker and others.
In San Francisco where his parents relocated in 1962, he started playing in clubs and developed his own style in the Bay Area, at the time a melting pot of various political, cultural, and artistic trends.
In 1966, his Santana Blues Band makes its debut, playing mixes of salsa, blues, rock and jazz. He started recording world-famous hits (Evil Ways, Abraxas, Oye Como Va, Tito Puente, Black Magic Woman, No One to Depend On, Everybody’s Everything.). The band broke up in the early 70s.
Santana’s mystical approach.
In 1972 Mahavishnu Orchestra guitarist John McLaughlin introduced Santana and his wife to the Indian teacher Sri Chinmoy. Santana, who feels deeply connected to the divine within himself*(1), was renamed Devadip which means "The lamp, light and eye of God.” He particularly wants his music to be universal: “I have the courage to say I transcended* (2) being American or Mexican. I have no allegiance or alliance to any flag or country.”
He and his wife allocate profits to Artists For A New South Africa (ANSA), funding non-profit organizations that combat HIV/AIDS in South-Africa.
They are also the founders of the Milagro Foundation, which makes grants*(3) to organizations around the world that work with underprivileged children *(4) in the areas of health, education and the arts.
How Hispanic is Carlos Santana?
- Paradoxically he has become one of the most famous Hispanic people because of his contributions to the concept of world music: “My mission is to awaken people to a global heart.”, he said in 2006.
- Beside his Mexican origin, and his early training in the musical town of Tijuana, remember that his father was a professional Mariachi violinist. Carlos was five years old when his dad taught him the violin.
- In the mid-70s, he re-embraced his Latin-rock roots (Amigos, Festival, Moonflower, Zebop). Then came Milagro, and Sacred Fire-Live in South America in 1993. His biggest hit ever was Supernatural. (Smooth, a Latin-based pop song, and María, María). In 2000, Santana also won three Latin Grammy Awards with Corazón Espinado and El Farol. Carlos is also featured on Gloria Estefan’s latest single No Llores from the album 90 Millas.
- his sound is a mix of salsa, blues, reggae or rock; the rhythm, and the drums, are typical of Latino music. His titles are very often in Spanish.
Links: Careful with the following site, apparently connected to dianetics*(5): < http://www.hispanic-culture-online.com/carlos-santana-biography.html >
Vocabulary: *1. the divine within himself (le divin en soi); *2. Transcend = Fr. dépasser; *3. Grants : Fr. subventions; * 4. Underprivileged: Fr. défavorisés; *5. Autre nom de la scientology.
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You may not have recognized Spiderman in this photograph, but I doubt it. If such be the case, you wouldn't be totally wrong, as the model for this photo is a real life hero, a Mexican immigrant who risks his life everyday so as to earn enough money to support his family in Mexico. Someone has made an attempt for him to be hailed like a hero, she's the photographer DULCE PINZON in a project she has entitled THE REAL STORY OF THE SUPERHEROES.
This is how she introduces her project in her website :
After September 11, the notion of the “hero” began to rear its head in the public consciousness more and more frequently. The notion served a necessity in a time of national and global crisis to acknowledge those who showed extraordinary courage or determination in the face of danger, sometimes even sacrificing their lives in an attempt to save others. However, in the whirlwind of journalism surrounding these deservedly front-page disasters and emergencies, it is easy to take for granted the heroes who sacrifice immeasurable life and labor in their day to day lives for the good of others, but do so in a somewhat less spectacular setting.
The Mexican immigrant worker in New York is a perfect example of the hero who has gone unnoticed. It is common for a Mexican worker in New York to work extraordinary hours in extreme conditions for very low wages which are saved at great cost and sacrifice and sent to families and communities in Mexico who rely on them to survive.[...]
The principal objective of this series is to pay homage to these brave and determined men and women that somehow manage, without the help of any supernatural power, to withstand extreme conditions of labor in order to help their families and communities survive and prosper.
This project consists of 20 color photographs of Mexican immigrants dressed in the costumes of popular American and Mexican superheroes. Each photo pictures the worker / superhero in their work environment, and is accompanied by a short text including the worker’s name and hometown in Mexico..
http://www.dulcepinzon.com/en_projects_superhero.htm#
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We're in the 1960s. England has just organized (and won) the F.A. World Cup. Transformed by the irruption of Rock n'Roll in the media, the British scene is changing, and there will be no backward move : pop music, the miniskirt, youth subculture. Sometimes violence spoils everything, like the Mods and Rockers conflict ...
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